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What does "structural" features refer to in Gentner and Goldinmeadow's study?

  1. Physical dimensions of objects

  2. Relational characteristics that aid problem-solving

  3. Visual similarities between objects

  4. Emotional connections associated with objects

The correct answer is: Relational characteristics that aid problem-solving

In Gentner and Goldin-Meadow's study, "structural" features pertain to the relational characteristics that aid problem-solving. This concept emphasizes that understanding the relationships between different elements within a problem can significantly enhance cognitive performance. Rather than focusing on superficial or visual aspects of objects, the study highlights the importance of grasping the underlying structures or patterns that govern how these elements interact with one another. This relational understanding is crucial for effectively solving problems, as it allows individuals to transfer knowledge from one context to another, applying familiar relationships to new situations. The other choices focus on aspects that do not contribute as directly to problem-solving. Physical dimensions relate more to tangible attributes that may vary independently of the underlying relational structures. Visual similarities may help in identifying objects but do not necessarily aid in comprehending their interrelations. Emotional connections might influence how one feels about an object but do not pertain to the structural understanding necessary for problem resolution.